An instructor is describing the development of cervical cancer to a group of students. The instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which area as most commonly involved?
A) Internal cervical os
B) Junction of the cervix and fundus
C) Squamous-columnar junction
D) External cervical os
C
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Cervical cancer starts with abnormal changes in the cellular lining or surface of the cervix. Typically these changes occur in the squamous–columnar junction of the cervix. Here, cylindrical secretory epithelial cells (columnar) meet the protective flat epithelial cells (squamous) from the outer cervix and vagina in what is termed the transformation zone.
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A hospital visitor cuts herself on the arm and is bleeding profusely. What should be the immediate treatment by the nurse?
a. Call any physician and immediately send the visitor to the emergency department. b. Apply direct pressure to the arm with ste-rile dressing. c. Take the visitor's blood pressure and pulse. d. Immobilize the injured arm and send the visitor immediately to the emergency de-partment.
Which of the following best defines the term "subfertility"?
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What is the anal disorder that best describes her symptoms?
A 36-year-old married bank teller comes to your office, complaining of pain with defecation and occasional blood on the toilet paper. She states that last week she had food poisoning with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. She had runny stools but no black or bloody stools. Ever since her illness, she has continued to have severe pain with bowel movements. She now tries to put off defecation as long as possible. Although she is having constipation she denies any further diarrhea or leakage of stool. She has a past medical history of hypothyroidism and two spontaneous vaginal deliveries. She has had no other chronic illnesses or surgeries. She does not smoke and rarely drinks. She has two children. There is no family history of breast or colon cancer. She has had no weight gain, weight loss, fever, or night sweats. On examination she is afebrile, with a blood pressure of 115/70 and a pulse of 80. On abdominal examination she has active bowel sounds, is nontender in all quadrants, and has no hepatosplenomegaly. Inspection of the anus reveals inflammation on the posterior side with erythema. Digital rectal examination is painful for the patient but no abnormalities are palpated. Anoscopic examination reveals no inflammation or bleeding. A) Anorectal fistula B) External hemorrhoids C) Anal fissure D) Anorectal cancer
By what age does birth length usually double?
a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 4 years d. 6 years