Besides proving that a defendant was acting under color of law, which of the following must a plaintiff prove in a Section 1983 lawsuit?

a. That there was a violation of a right given by the Constitution
b. That there was a violation of a right given by Federal Law
c. That there was a violation of a right given by State Law
d. Either a violation of a Constitutional right or one given by Federal Law


d

Criminal Justice

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Chavez v. Martinez (2003) held, regarding police interrogation, that

A. Interrogation of a suspect in extreme pain violates the 5th Amendment B. Threatening to withhold medical treatment unless the suspect answers violates the 5th Amendment C. The failure to read Miranda warnings is not a 5th Amendment violation D. Using severe compulsion or extraordinary pressure to obtain a confession violates the 5th Amendment

Criminal Justice

The cases of femicide amongst border towns involve significant acts of ______ crime.

A. sexual B. property C. white-collar D. hate

Criminal Justice

Define material alteration.

What will be an ideal response?

Criminal Justice

Probation in Britain began in:

A. 1800 B. 1823 C. 1841 D. 1956

Criminal Justice