The nurse is assessing a child according to Kohlberg's developmental theory. Which statement would support the belief the child is showing appropriate behaviors of the pre-conventional state? Select all that apply
a. "If I pick up my toys, can I get an ice cream cone?"
b. "I can't watch cartoons when I don't pick up my toys."
c. "I always pick up my toys because mommy needs my help."
d. "When I pick up all of my toys I make mommy very happy."
e. "If I don't pick up my toys, mommy could trip on them and fall."
ANS: A, B, E
The pre-conventional stage (4-10 years) involves a punishment-obedience orientation as well as an instrumental relativist orientation. The remaining options are reflective of a higher level of development.
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