In chronic emphysema, some alveoli merge together and some are replaced with fibrous connective tissue
In addition, the bronchioles are often inflamed, and expiratory volume is reduced. Using proper respiratory system terminology, explain at least four reasons why affected individuals will have problems with ventilation and external respiration.
What will be an ideal response
Answers could include: reduced compliance (reduces ability to increase thoracic volume); increased airway resistance (decreases tidal volume); decreased diffusion due to increased diffusion distance, decreased surface area, and changes in partial pressures of gases (altering gradients). Other answers may be acceptable.
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The portion of the peripheral nervous system that is composed of nerve fibers that innervate skeletal muscle is called the
A. autonomic nervous system. B. somatic motor nervous system. C. parasympathetic nervous system. D. afferent nervous system. E. sympathetic nervous system.
The H zone is within the ________ and contains ________.
A. I band; thick and thin filaments B. I band; thin filaments only C. A band; thin filaments only D. A band; thick filaments only
Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubule have a "brush border" composed of ________, which are cell extensions that increase surface area.
A. plicae B. flagella C. cilia D. rugae E. microvilli
Iron molecules released from the breakdown of hemoglobin are transported through the blood by:
A) transferrin. B) antibodies. C) vitamin B12. D) albumin.