How should the nurse researcher describe variability in test scores attributed to error rather than to actual differences in behavior? (Select all that apply.)
a. Random error
b. Variance error
c. Persistent error
d. Systematic error
ANS: A, D
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Correct Random error is attributable to transient subject states, study context, or administration of the instrument.
Bias in subject behavior and incorrect instrument calibrations are causes of systematic error.
Incorrect Variance and error are connected as a research term, error variance, which is defined as variability in test scores.
Persistent error is not a research term.
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