Describe each generation of firewalls.
What will be an ideal response?
First-generation firewalls are static packet-filtering firewalls-that is, simple networking devices that filter packets according to their headers as the packets travel to and from the organization's networks.
Second-generation firewalls are application-level firewalls or proxy servers-that is, dedicated systems that are separate from the filtering router and that provide intermediate services for requesters.
Third-generation firewalls are stateful inspection firewalls, which, as described previously, monitor network connections between internal and external systems using state tables.
Fourth-generation firewalls, also known as dynamic packet-filtering firewalls, allow only a particular packet with a particular source, destination, and port address to enter.
Fifth-generation firewalls are kernel proxies, a specialized form that works under Windows NT Executive, which is the kernel of Windows NT. Kernel proxies evaluate packets at multiple layers of the protocol stack by checking security in the kernel as data is passed up and down the stack. Cisco implemented this technology in the security kernel of its Centri Firewall, which is no longer in production.
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