Explain the role of an interaction effect in a complex design in establishing the external validity of each independent variable entering into the interaction effect. Be sure to describe what happens to external validity both when an interaction effect is and is not present. Finally, explain why you might be cautious in using interaction effects to establish the external validity of the effect of an independent variable.
What will be an ideal response?
When a complex design is used and no interaction effect occurs, the effects of each independent variable can be generalized across the levels of the other independent variable. The presence of an interaction effect, however, identifies boundaries for the external validity of a finding. The levels of the independent variables involved in an interaction specify the boundaries for external validity. Caution needs to be exercised in using interaction effects to establish external validity because conclusions apply only to the manipulated independent variables in the experiment, and the specific operational definitions of the independent and dependent variables. Also, researchers need to consider the sensitivity of their experiment and the power of the statistical analyses when interpreting the absence of an interaction effect.
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