Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

1. An assumption for the use of molecular clocks is that neutral mutations accumulate at a rapidly increasing rate over time between two species.
2. A modern goal of systematics is to classify organisms based on similarity of form and function, regardless of their evolutionary relationships.
3. A phylogenetic tree shows the hypothesized evolutionary relationships among organisms, meaning that its structure can be revised and changed as new information about those relationships becomes known.
4. The alternate host for Entamoeba histolytica is the Anopheles mosquito.


1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE

Biology & Microbiology

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In the snail Pomacea patula catemacensis, n = 13. What is the diploid number for this organism?

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A single, weak contraction of a muscle fiber is called

a. an action potential. b. a muscle twitch. c. fatigue. d. tetanus. e. constriction.

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What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

A) ATP B) Carbon dioxide C) NADH D) Oxygen E) FADH2

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Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell?

a. It can protect the recombinant DNA. b. Restriction enzymes can only be used inside of a cell. c. It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein. d. Plasmids cannot be isolated outside of a host cell.

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