Why must scientists uphold ethical standards in research?
What will be an ideal response?
Ethical standards, or the proper conduct of research with full consideration of the subjects’ interests, became paramount in the wake of the Nuremberg trials, when worldwide attention was brought to the use of captive humans as research subjects by German scientists during World War II. These revelations prompted the worldwide development and refinement of ethical standards and principles in research to ensure that potential human subjects are protected from being used as “guinea pigs” in research. As a public trust endeavor, research must be conducted in a manner that is ethical, trustworthy, and socially responsible.
The Declaration of Helsinki, established by the World Medical Association in 1964 to regulate research involving human subjects, recommends ethical guidelines for biomedical research that involves human subjects and includes the principles that “research protocols should be reviewed by an independent committee prior to initiation” and that “research with humans should be based on results from laboratory animals and experimentation.” The Declaration of Helsinki is regarded as the cornerstone document on international human research ethics.
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