Older adults in good physical condition have cardiac function comparable to younger persons in poor condition. What is the most likely cause of a rise in systolic blood pressure in the elderly?
A) Postural and postprandial hypotension
B) Atherosclerosis in the innermost layer of the blood vessels
C) Impaired baroreceptor function and increased peripheral resistance
D) Cellular proliferation in the tunica intima
C
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In the middle layer of blood vessels, impaired baroreceptor function and increased peripheral resistance lead to a rise in systolic blood pressure. Reduced sensitivity of the blood pressure regulation with baroreceptors increases problems with postural hypotension and postprandial hypotension; thus, they are an effect, not a cause. Cells proliferate in the innermost layer of vessels and atherosclerosis develops, but these are not the direct causes of increased systolic pressure.
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