The nurse recognizes which observation as a positive Babinski sign?
1. Inability to identify two simultaneous points of pain on the foot
2. Curling of all the toes in response to stroking stimulation
3. Feeling a buzzing sensation in the foot when touched with a tuning fork
4. Dorsiflexion of the great toe, with fanning of the other toes
4
Rationale 1: Two-point discrimination is tested by touching the patient with one or two sharp objects at the same time; the inability to identify if there were multiple pain sites reflects pathology.
Rationale 2: Curling of the toes is not a positive Babinski sign.
Rationale 3: Vibratory sense is tested using a tuning fork on one of a variety of bony prominences. A diminished buzzing sensation is pathological.
Rationale 4: Dorsiflexion of the great toe with fanning of the other toes shows pathologic reflexes (positive Babinski sign).
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