What did Tonry (2011) identify as a major precipitator of the severity of modern criminal justice policies and the unfair burdens they place on Black Americans?

a. Jim Crow Laws
b. Southern Policy Laws
c. Southern Strategy
d. Black Laws


Ans: C

Criminal Justice

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Fire protection focuses on all but which of the following?

a. Detection b. Containment c. Suppression d. Sensors and alarm systems e. Fire investigation

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The two types of state law enforcement agencies are __________ and ______________

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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Which of the following is not a formal organization?

a. General Motors b. California State Prison at Folsom c. The University of Iowa d. All of these are formal organizations

Criminal Justice

All of the following are examples of microaggressions EXCEPT _________________

A. Staring at a homosexual couple in public B. Referring to immigrants as "aliens" C. When someone calls someone else a "fag" D. Asking someone to speak for their entire race

Criminal Justice