Analyses of molecular sequences for study of evolutionary relationships are constrained by ____
a. the fact that every base in a nucleic acid serves as a separate, independent character for analysis
b. the presence of many genes that have been conserved by evolution
c. the limited number of nucleotide characters, making it difficult to determine whether genetic similarities
between species are homoplastic or homologous
d. the usefulness of genes for studying only closely related species that have minor morphological differences
e. nucleic acids that are not directly affected by the developmental or environmental factors that cause
nongenetic morphological variations
ANSWER: c
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The beginning of the industrial and scientific revolution occurred ____
a. when human population size was approximately one billion b. when human population size was approximately one million c. when human population size was approximately five million d. approximately 500 years ago e. approximately 100 years ago
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1) The period between meiosis I and II is termed interkinesis. 2) Crossing-over occurs during prophase I of meiosis. 3) Crossing-over allows the reassortment of linked genes. 4) The region where the homologous chromosomal pairs align is the metaphase plate. 5) Orientation of each chromosomal pair on the spindle axis is random.
Historically, fishermen kept larger adult fish and left smaller adult fish. Over time, the average size of the fish would
A. increase by genetic drift. B. decrease by genetic drift. C. remain unchanged. D. decrease by natural selection. E. increase by natural selection.
Engelmann’s experiment was designed to
determine a. what wavelengths comprise visible light. b. what colors are contained in visible light. c. if bacteria are attracted to oxygen. d. if photosynthesis releases oxygen. e. none of these