Describe the stages of moral development proposed by Kohlberg. What are the implications of culture for ethical decision-making?
What will be an ideal response?
1. Stage one: Obedience and punishment, sticking to rules to avoid physical punishment, and
obedience for its own sake.
2. Stage two: Instrumental purpose and exchange. Following rules only when it is in one’s
immediate interest. Right is an equal exchange, a fair deal.
3. Stage three: Interpersonal accord, conformity, mutual expectations. Stereotypical “good”
behavior. Living up to what is expected by people close to you.
4. Stage four: Social accord and system maintenance. Fulfilling duties and obligations to which you
have agreed. Upholding laws except in extreme cases where they conflict with fixed social
duties. Contributing to the society, group.
5. Stage five: Social contract and individual rights. Being aware that people hold a variety of values;
that rules are relative to the group. Upholding rules because they are the social contract.
Upholding nonrelative values and rights regardless of majority opinion.
6. Stage six: Universal ethical principles. Following self-chosen ethical principles when laws violate
these principles, act in accordance with principles.
Situational factors that might be proposed to influence the relationship between stage of moral
development and ethical decision-making include such factors as the extent to which the environment
specifies normative behavior (highly specified in collectivist cultures), whether the social referents in the
situation are members of one’s in-group or out-group, and the extent to which demands are placed on
the decision-maker by people in authority.
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A) sustainability B) the triple bottom line C) marketing ethics D) globalization E) social responsibility
In terms of prioritization and the to-do list, how can one avoid the tendency to put off a high-priority task to work on a lower-level one?
a. Look for ways to complete a high-level and a low-level task simultaneously. b. If the high-priority task becomes too much, delegate it to someone else. c. Add and prioritize new tasks as they come up. d. Ignore new tasks until the current high-priority task is complete.
Specific performance is not awarded in contracts for the sale of land
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The phrase, "designed to show economy of motion by pointing out wasted motion and idle time (delay)," describes which of the following?
A) a flow diagram B) an activity chart C) an operations chart D) a process chart E) a work sample