In which 1989 case did the U.S. Supreme Court establish the standard of "objective reasonableness" in determining the appropriate use of deadly force by a police officer?

A) Graham v. Connor
B) Hunter v. Bryant
C) Bivens v. Six unknown federal agents
D) Malley v. Briggs


A) Graham v. Connor

Criminal Justice

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According to Kelling and Bratton, middle managers in a COPPS environment:

a. Can significantly impede innovation b. Can be the leading edge of innovation and creativity c. Due to their close working relations with officers, probably should not be involved in promoting and rewarding them d. Both a and b are true

Criminal Justice

Freud argued that the ______ acted as our moral conscience.

A. id B. defense C. ego D. superego

Criminal Justice

In crime reports, most spelling errors are caused by

a. lack of education. b. stupidity c. laziness. d. faulty typewriters.

Criminal Justice

Most courts have upheld the use of surveillance cameras, stating they are not a violation of individual's rights because __________.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice