Compare economic and ecological approaches to valuation of the environment
What will be an ideal response?
Ecological value can be measured by looking at ecological services provided by ecosystems and measuring the possible loss of services as a result of human impacts. Often these costs do not come into play until long after the ecosystem has been compromised or lost, and the services or actions that were supported by that ecosystem are now missing. For example, the ecological costs of the degradation of a forest are often not realized until reforestation of that land is required (because of extensive soil erosion, flooding, or siltation damage downstream) and undertaken.
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Under the 1872 US General Mining Law, mining companies are required to pay what percentage of their profits in taxes?
A. 2 percent B. 8 percent C. 12.5 percent D. 15 percent E. No taxes are paid on mining profits.
Persistent drought is often associated with
A) a series of strong cyclones. B) persistent zonal patterns in upper-level air flows. C) the occurrence of moving meridional patterns in upper-level winds. D) the coast of British Columbia.
After a tornado is spotted:a
a tornado watch is issued. b. its direction of movement is carefully monitored by aircraft. c. a tornado warning is issued. d. hail begins to fall from the cloud. e. attempts may be made to change its direction of movement.
Overgrazing by cattle primarily contributes to desertification by ________
A) cattle outcompeting natural herbivores B) spreading nonnative species C) contaminating streams with cattle wastes D) promoting erosion and loss of rooted plant cover