According to Spelman’s estimate based on the most rigorous macro-level studies available, the incapacitation effect:

a. can be large if we decide to have large increases in the size of our prisons
b. is not large even if many offenders are placed in prison
c. is not much different from zero and has little effect on crime rates
d. is strong even with fewer offenders incarcerated


a. can be large if we decide to have large increases in the size of our prisons

Criminal Justice

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The guilt of the defendant is determined through trial, plea bargaining, or dismissal of charges is done at which stage of the criminal process?

a. prosecution and pretrial services b. corrections c. adjudication d. sentencing and sanctions

Criminal Justice

Two Canadian Sikhs were charged with the bombing of _____ _____ in June 1985

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

________ goes beyond the shoving, threatening, and taunting typical of bullying

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column

A) Blueprint B) Ridges diverge C) Dust print D) Patent fingerprint E) Fingerprint database F) Leaves negative impression G) Amino acid H) Superglue I) Innermost ridges that start parallel, diverge, and then surround the pattern J) Changes skin color

Criminal Justice