An elderly patient is in a motor vehicle accident and sustains a significant internal hemorrhage. Which category of renal failure is the patient at the greatest risk of developing?
a. Intrinsic
b. Postrenal
c. Prerenal
d. Acute tubular necrosis
C
Any condition that decreases blood flow, blood pressure, or kidney perfusion before arterial blood reaches the renal artery that supplies the kidney may be anatomically described as prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). When arterial hypoperfusion caused by low cardiac output, hemorrhage, vasodilation, thrombosis, or other cause reduces the blood flow to the kidney, glomerular filtration decreases, and consequently urine output decreases. Any condition that produces an ischemic or toxic insult directly at parenchymal nephron tissue places the patient at risk for development of intrarenal AKI. Any obstruction that hinders the flow of urine from beyond the kidney through the remainder of the urinary tract may lead to postrenal AKI. When the internal filtering structures are pathologically affected, the condition was previously known as acute tubular necrosis.
You might also like to view...
Which of the following is not an advantage of using biophysiologic measures in nursing studies?
A) They are relatively accurate and precise B) They can be used to measure most outcomes of interest to nurses C) They are objective, requiring minimal inference D) They are typically cost-effective because they are available for clinical purposes
Nurse researchers develop data collection protocols to ensure accurate, valid, and meaningful data. What is a data collection protocol?
A) Spells out procedures to be used in data collection B) Very important in qualitative research to minimize subjectivity C) Developed after research staff is trained D) Varies only marginally from one study to another study
One of the primary factors that the nurse considers when setting priorities for the client in the acute care setting after cardiac surgery is the client's:
A) support system. B) medical orders. C) past medical history. D) condition.
The behavioral approach is used in many training and development programs
a. True b. False