Explain why stage models are inadequate for explaining how groups develop.
What will be an ideal response?
Most small group scholars recognize that groups do not always progress in a linear fashion but find progressive models to be helpful when thinking about group development. Researchers who focus on the stages of group development have reached no consensus as to how many stages there are, the order in which they appear, or the nature of those stages. Controlled experiments investigating group stages are rare. Most theories of group stages have been developed by observing patterns and changes in groups, usually after the group has disbanded. Because most of the stage theories have been based on studies of time-limited, closed groups, they may not be applicable to open-ended or ongoing groups.
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Sense of humor, ability to delay gratification, and a future orientation are examples of:
A. microsystemic characteristics. B. academic survival skills. C. protective shields. D. family stress management.
Aptitude tests are not very good at achieving differential prediction because
a. they lack psychometric rigor. b. they do not have high levels of validity. c. they have high levels of reliability. d. the sample does not always match the population.
Which of the following individuals was the first to establish a systematized guidance program in the public schools?
a. Frank Parsons b. Jesse B. Davis c. Clifford Beers d. Hannah Stone
Members who believe that their environments control them and that they are at the mercy of that environment may benefit in group counseling from the process function called ____.
a. universality
b. family reenactment
c. installation of hope
d. contagion