Suppose we have already inserted the values 5, 10 and 15 into an empty 2-3-4 tree. Explain what happens when we insert the value 20 into this tree.
What will be an ideal response?
Currently there is a single node in the tree containing all 3 values. When we insert 20, we cannot fit all four values in the same node, so we must split. The 3rd value (equivalently the 2nd could work as well) is promoted as parent and the values on either side become the children. The end result is a tree with three nodes: the root just has 15, its left child is a node with 5 and 10, and its right child is a node with 20.
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