The nurse is explaining cardiac reserve to a patient recovering from a myocardial infarction. Which example should the nurse use to explain this term?
1. getting on a treadmill and gradually increasing the pace of walking
2. breathing in through the nose and out the mouth while sitting quietly
3. sitting in a chair to cool down after completing an exercise routine
4. at the end of systole, approximately 50 mL of blood remaining in the ventricles
Correct Answer: 1
The heart's ability to respond to the body's changing need for cardiac output is called cardiac reserve. Increasing the pace of walking would place demand on the heart to increase blood flow. The other actions do not place demand on the heart and therefore do not illustrate cardiac reserve.
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1. Depression 2. Decrease in lean muscle mass 3. Lowered absorption of vitamin D 4. Increase in cholecystokinin production
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When focusing on family interrelationships and the impact a serious health alteration has on individual family members and the equilibrium of the family system, the nurse should use
a. equifinality. b. diffuse boundaries. c. circular questions. d. morphostasis.
A client with appendicitis in the emergency department is highly agitated and states that there is a great deal of pain. Which of the following interventions will the nurse plan to assist the client to achieve the outcome of decreased anxiety?
1. Assess pain levels every 2 hours and administer ordered medication 2. Administer pain medications when the client complains of pain 3. Distract the client with ambulation 4. Provide reading material to help distract the client