A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements. Which intervention would be most appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of care?
a. Encourage increased intake of whole grains.
b. Increase the patient's intake of fruits and fruit juices.
c. Offer high-calorie snacks between meals and at bedtime.
d. Assist the patient in choosing foods with high vegetable and mineral content.
ANS: C
Eating small amounts more frequently (as occurs with snacking) will increase caloric intake by decreasing the fatigue and feelings of fullness associated with large meals. Patients with COPD should rest before meals. Foods that have a lot of texture like whole grains may take more energy to eat and get absorbed and lead to decreased intake. Although fruits, juices, and vegetables are not contraindicated, foods high in protein are a better choice.
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