The older adult may be at increased risk for infection because of the normal aging process. Which of the following increase an older client's risk for infection? (Select all that apply.)
a. inadequate nutrition e. lethargy
b. delayed inflammatory response f. nearsightedness
c. malaise g. incontinence
d. unsteadiness leading to falls
A, B, D, E, G
The older adult may be at increased risk for infection because of the normal aging process. As a person ages, the skin, respiratory tract, kidneys, immune system and GI system decrease in function. The systems function adequately during periods of homeostasis. However, when physiological stress is placed on the person, the systems are unable to adequately protect the person from an infection. Other factors that increase an older adults risk for infection include: inadequate nutrition (especially inadequate protein intake), a delayed inflammatory response, disorientation, agitation, incontinence, unsteadiness leading to falls, lethargy and general fatigue. An older adult client may present with acute confusion when infection is present. Additional factors include living in group settings where the older adult is exposed to many people who may have infections, and taking medications which may decrease the already-reduced immune system's ability to respond adequately.
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