In a laboratory, smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver's seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. In this study, the independent variable is the __________.
A. use of nicotine
B. use of a driving simulator
C. number of collisions
D. driving skills of each driver
Answer: A
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Martina is studying for her calculus exam. She needs to write a paper for another class, too, but while she is studying for her calculus class, her mind shuts off the paper so that she can focus on her math. Martina is experiencing ____
a. learned helplessness b. the panic button effect c. the Zeigarnik effect d. goal shielding
If a sample has a small standard deviation, we can say the scores in the sample are
a. variable. b. small. c. extreme. d. consistent.
A test that can be used to accurately estimate future performance in a given area is said to have high:
a. predictive validity b. content validity c. reliability d. construct validity
Because he believed learning occurs in one trial, ____ rejected the law of frequency in his explanation of learning.
a. Pavlov b. Hull c. Watson d. Guthrie