The nurse is caring for a patient with cirrhosis of the liver. The nurse notes fresh blood starting to ooze from the patient's rectum and intravenous site. The nurse contacts the provider expecting an order for:
a. an infusion of protein S factor.
b. blood work to evaluate protein C level.
c. a laboratory test to determine factor X level.
d. vitamin K injections.
D
The coagulation factors are plasma proteins that circulate as inactive enzymes, and most are synthesized in the liver. Vitamin K is necessary for synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, X, and protein C and protein S (anticoagulation factors). Thus, liver disease and vitamin K deficiency are commonly associated with impaired hemostasis.
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