Which of the following is false with concern to child witnesses in the courtroom?
a. Most states have enacted legislation allowing videotaped statements to be admissible in court.
b. Most of the states now allow a child's testimony to be given on closed-circuit television (CCTV).
c. Some states require that the defendant be present to directly question the child.
d. Children in sexual abuse cases have been allowed to use anatomically correct dolls to demonstrate happenings that they cannot describe verbally.
C
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Criminal justice organizations are replete with failure:
A. Police initiatives that engender ambiguous results B. Sentencing reforms that do not alleviate injustices C. Courts that operate under conditions of scarce resources D. Correctional organizations that do not rehabilitate offenders E. All of the above
Criminal profiling involves bringing together groups of volunteers in order to record their attitudes regarding crime and criminals
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Web mobs operate entirely online
a. True b. False
__________ theory proposes that people acquire attitudes and techniques conducive to crime in both nonsocial and social situations from positive reinforcement (rewards) and negative reinforcement (punishments) that result from their own behavior,
whether that behavior is criminal or law-abiding. a. Differential association b. Social learning c. Social control d. Labeling