Examination of the breasts by palpation with the patient supine includes
a. peripheral breast tissue, lactiferous ducts, areola, and nipple.
b. Cooper's ligaments, tail of Spence, and muscles and lymph nodes of the chest.
c. areola, axillary nodes, Cooper's ligaments, and compression of the nipple for discharge.
d. peripheral breast tissue, tail of Spence, areola, and compression of the nipple for discharge.
D
Examination of the breasts by palpation with the patient supine includes peripheral breast tissue to the nipple, the tail of Spence, and the areola. Lastly, the nipple is compressed to express any discharge. The tail of Spence should be included in the examination because this area and the upper outer quadrant are the areas where most breast malignancies develop. The area around the areola should be palpated for masses. The lymph nodes are not included in examination of the breast. They are examined separately. The lactiferous ducts and Cooper's ligaments are not included in an exam of the breast.
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