According to B. F. Skinner, the frequency of a behavior can be increased by following it with a wide variety of
A) punishments.
B) negative stimuli.
C) stimulus–response associations.
D) reinforcers.
Answer: D
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Under what conditions is Cramér's V used to measure effect size for a chi-square test for independence?
a. When both variables consist of exactly two categories b. When both variables consist of more than two categories c. When either of the two variables consists of exactly two categories d. When either of the two variables consists of more than two categories
The process within the psyche where elements of unequal strength seek psychological equilibrium is called the:
a. principle of equivalence b. principle of entropy c. principle of opposites d. principle of tension reduction
An effect of ability grouping is that
A) students in honors courses are more motivated to learn. B) students in low-ability courses have lower achievement and involvement. C) honors courses attract more experienced teachers. D) All of the above.
Typical American teenagers tend to:
A. underestimate the danger of most risky behaviors and overestimate the likelihood that they will experience these consequences. B. overestimate the danger of most risky behaviors and underestimate the likelihood that they will experience these consequences. C. underestimate the danger of most risky behaviors as well as the likelihood that they will experience these consequences. D. overestimate the danger of most risky behaviors as well as the likelihood that they will experience these consequences.