A nurse is looking for evidence-based practice to support the methods used to facilitate smoking cessation. Which of the following types of evidence would be the best for the nurse to examine?
a. Scientific literature found in systematic reviews
b. Double-blind randomized controlled trial
c. Quasi-experimental studies
d. Expert opinion
ANS: A
Because it is difficult to find or perform randomized controlled trials in the community, other types of evidence have been highlighted as the best evidence in public health literature upon which to base EBPH practice; scientific literature found in systematic reviews is one type that is recommended. Although randomized controlled trials are the highest level of evidence with qua-si-experimental studies and expert opinion both being lower on the list of evidence. It would not be possible to implement randomized control trials or quasi-experimental studies when studying smoking cessation. Expert opinion would not be as helpful when looking at methods that have literature that support their use.
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