Why do laws passed by Congress often lack clarity? How does this affect the way these laws are implemented by the bureaucracy?
What will be an ideal response?
An ideal response will:
1, Note that Congress often passes vague laws because doing soallows members of Congress to avoid crafting the messy and contentious details of legislation. It also provides members of Congress with cover in case the law is or becomes unpopular—they can always blame the bureaucracy for failing to implement it the way Congress intended.
2, Explain that vague laws can be harder to implement, because the bureaucracy has little guidance and legislative intent is unclear. However, this also means the bureaucracy has considerable flexibility in shaping the details of the policy when itcrafts the regulations necessary to implement the law.
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When a case reaches an appellate court, __________.
A. judges and a jury start a de novo trial B. the jury provides an opinion to help the judges determine the innocence or guilt of a defendant C. judges can overturn the decisions of lower courts as long as they get a majority vote from the original jurists to do so D. judges review the case to determine whether the lower courts conformed to constitutional and statutory law
What is the difference between budget deficits and the national debt?
What will be an ideal response?
Developing an engaged community includes two types of activities
a. citizen exchange and citizen engagement. b. citizen information and citizen actions. c. citizen learning and citizen participation. d. citizen empowerment and citizen dissent.
Which of the following can modify a decision of the Supreme Court?
a. an executive order from the president b. the agreement of at least five justices that a prior decision was wrongly decided c. a federal statute passed by the Senate d. a writ of certiorari