A mother tells the nurse that she doesn't want her infant immunized because of the discomfort associated with injections. The nurse should explain that:
a. This cannot be prevented.
b. Infants do not feel pain as adults do.
c. This is not a good reason for refusing immunizations.
d. A topical anesthetic, eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA), can be applied before injections are given.
ANS: D
Several topical anesthetic agents can be used to minimize the discomfort associated with immunization injections. These include EMLA and vapor coolant sprays. Pain associated with many procedures can be prevented or minimized by using the principles of atraumatic care. With preparation, the injection site can be properly anesthetized to decrease the amount of pain felt by the infant. Infants have the neural pathways to sense pain. Numerous research studies have indicated that infants perceive and react to pain in the same manner as do children and adults. The mother should be allowed to discuss her concerns and the alternatives available. This is part of the informed consent process.
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a. increased salary for obtaining the next rung on the clinical ladder. b. formal recognition before one's nursing peers at an awards ceremony. c. one additional paid day off for each year you are with the organization. d. increased workload for displaying excellence in patient care outcomes.
The difference between child abuse and child neglect is that:
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1. "Can you try spanking the child only every other day for 1 week and see how that affects your child's behavior?" 2. "Spanking is one form of discipline; however, you want to be sure that you do not leave any marks on the child." 3. "I think you are not parenting properly, so let's talk about ways to improve your parenting skills." 4. "Let's talk about other forms of discipline that have a more positive effect on the child."
State the four main drug actions.
What will be an ideal response?