Identify the determinants of health and explain how they affect health status.
What will be an ideal response?
The four major determinants of health are environment, lifestyle, heredity, and medical care, and must be considered simultaneously when addressing the health status of a population. Environment encompasses events external to an individual, over which he or she has little or no control. It provides the context of health services delivery, including both physical and social dimensions. These environmental factors can adversely affect health far more than any inadequacy of the health care system. Lifestyle involves decisions by individuals for their health over which they have some degree of control. Specifically, they have the greatest control over leisure activity, moderate control over consumption, and the least control over employment and occupational factors. Heredity is concerned with the basic biologic and organic makeup of individuals, which can lead to genetic disorders, congenital malformations, and mental retardation; conditions related to maturation and aging, such as arthritis, diabetes, and cancer; and disorders of the skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, endocrine, and digestive systems. Medical care services have relatively little impact on health status compared to health behaviors, genetics, and the social, cultural, and physical environments in which people live.
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