A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K+) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the “flu” for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency?
a. Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space.
b. Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis.
c. Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis.
d. Decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss
Ans: b. Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis.
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When the nurse is evaluating the reliability of a patient's responses, which of these statements would be correct? The patient:
a. Has a history of drug abuse and therefore is not reliable. b. Provided consistent information and therefore is reliable. c. Smiled throughout interview and therefore is assumed reliable. d. Would not answer questions concerning stress and therefore is not reliable.
A novice nurse trying actively to create a nursing identity and synthesize role into self-image formulates a personal view of praxis that includes (Select all that apply.)
a. a broader understanding of nursing. b. both reflection and specific actions. c. caring for others as a central theme. d. nursing as both an art and a science. e. performing skills without supervision.
Which factor frequently precipitates exacerbations of a client's symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
a. paresthesia b. blind spots or flashing "lights" in one or both eyes c. exposure to extreme cold d. periods of emotional or physical stress
Success in the development and implementation of a disease management problem may be the result in part of which of the following factors?
a. Needing further education on the disease b. Focusing on implementation and evaluation c. Increased compliance through education d. Providing full care options for bed-ridden clients