In recent times, it has been shown that adult cells can be induced to become pluripotent stem cells (iPS). To make this conversion, what has been done to the adult cells?
A) A retrovirus is used to introduce four specific regulatory genes.
B) The adult stem cells must be fused with embryonic cells.
C) Cytoplasm from embryonic cells is injected into the adult cells.
D) The nucleus of an embryonic cell is used to replace the nucleus of an adult cell.
A
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How do the secreted antibodies from a plasma cell differ from the cell-surface antibodies of a memory cell?
A. in the specificity of the hypervariable domain B. by the absence of a hydrophobic domain in the constant region C. through the removal of the constant region D. by the absence of a hydrophilic domain in the constant region
All of the following events occur during T-dependent activation of a B cell EXCEPT
A. an antigenic fragment held within an MCH Class II molecule of a dendritic cell binds to a specific T cell receptor on a naïve T-helper cell. B. specific cytokines from the T helper cells stimulate maturation and complete activation of the antigen-stimulated B cell. C. antigen within MCH class II molecule is presented by B cell to an activated T helper cell. D. antigen binds to specific B cell receptor molecules. E. antigen bound to the B cell receptor is internalized and transferred to an MHC class II molecule which then moves to the plasma membrane. F. There are no exceptions. All of these events occur during T-depedent activation of B cells.
Which animal has compound eyes?
a. protist b. insect c. cephalopod mollusk d. vertebrate e. amphibian
Refer to the accompanying figure. Which structure is specialized to receive stimuli from other neurons and to send
signals to the cell body? a. 1 b. 4 c. 6 d. 7 e. 9