Which of the following are hazards of positive airway pressure therapies (EPAP, PEP, CPAP)?

1. Decreased venous return
2. Epistaxis
3. Pulmonary barotrauma
4. Increased intracranial pressure
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 3, and 4 only


ANS: D
The AARC has published Clinical Practice Guideline: Use of PAP Adjuncts to Airway Clearance Therapy. See CPG 43-3.

Health Professions

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