What is the difference between positive reinforcement-negative reinforcement and positive punishment-negative punishment?
What will be an ideal response?
The fine distinctions here can sometimes be confusing. With respect to reinforcement, both types of reinforcement are intended to increase behavior, either by presenting a stimulus (in positive reinforcement) or by taking away a stimulus (in negative reinforcement). Punishment is meant to decrease a behavior either by presenting something (in positive punishment) or by taking away something (in negative punishment). The words positive and negative mean the same things in both cases.
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Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?
a. Men are more likely than women to enter therapy. b. People from the lower socioeconomic classes are more likely to enter therapy than those from the upper classes. c. Many people who need therapy don't receive it. d. Only people who have an identifiable mental disorder are eligible for therapy.
Piaget asserted that the child's experiences in the world combined with maturation together influence the child's cognitive development. This assertion BEST reflects the unifying theme in psychology that
a. psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context. b. heredity and environment jointly influence behavior. c. psychology is theoretically diverse. d. our experience of the world is highly subjective.
A clearly defined group used to compare an individual child's test score against is called a:
a. reference group b. comparative group c. standard group d. norm group
Sam seldom worries about his personal safety; his neighborhood is safe for men even late at night. Sue always performs a few simple checks in her car and her apartment to make sure that she is safe, because she has had friends who were victims of crime. In terms of the liberation perspective, what does Sam have that Sue does not?
a. biculturality b. unearned privilege c. a neighborhood tipping point d. internalized oppression