Which of the following does not affect the way in which a received message is interpreted?
a. Emotional state
b. Cognitive ability
c. Bias
d. All three affect the interpretation
d
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Omar can tie his shoes, but only with his mother's help. This suggests that tying shoes is
a. beyond Omar's scope of capability. b. within Omar's zone of proximal development. c. an innate process that simply needs nurturing to unfold. d. too difficult for a child his age and should not be attempted.
A psychologist conducts research using the twin-study method. He administers a need for Achievement scale to sets of monozygotic and dizygotic twins and finds a correlation of .50 between the scores for pairs of monozygotic twins. If this study is to demonstrate evidence for a genetic influence on need for Achievement, what would we expect the correlation to be between scores for pairs of
dizygotic twins? A. Higher than .50 B. Lower than .50 C. Very close to .50 D. There is no way to demonstrate a genetic influence with these data.
One problem with adoption studies is that the homes in which twins are placed
A. are so very different that comparisons cannot be made. B. are often very similar because adoptive families are similar in important ways. C. are highly specialized for adoptive parenting. D. allow the same genetic influences to emerge.
Regarding the causes of aggression, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The tendency to be violent is neither in our evolutionary legacy or in our genes. b. Humans are fully capable of learning to inhibit aggression. c. The use of alcohol and drugs is considered a direct cause of aggressive behavior. d. Physiological studies have shown that some brain areas are capable of triggering or ending aggressive behavior.