Which of the following is FALSE about pretesting in experiments?
a. It can be a source of internal invalidity.
b. It measures the dependent variable prior to treatment.
c. It is exactly the same as a posttest, just administered at a different time.
d. It is not required in a true experiment.
e. It allows researchers to test for ambiguity in measurement instruments.
e. It allows researchers to test for ambiguity in measurement instruments
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