Jamie plays an adventure video game in which a magic sword appears sometimes to help him score more points. The appearance of the sword is not dependent on Jamie's performance in the game. He does not know when the sword will appear, so he is always prepared to grab it. In the context of operant conditioning, the appearance of the magic sword illustrates a ________ of reinforcement.
A. variable-interval schedule
B. fixed-ratio schedule
C. variable-ratio schedule
D. fixed-interval schedule
Answer: A
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Which of the following statements would the authors of this text be most likely to endorse?
a. The sleep-wake cycle is primarily related to parental expectations and routine. b. The sleep-wake cycle is influenced by many factors including physiological and environmental variables. c. The sleep-wake cycle is primarily related to cultural norms. d. The sleep-wake cycle is influenced by many factors, but is primarily affected by brain maturation.
When a behavior occurs and is followed by the removal of a stimulus that results in a decrease in the behavior in the future, it is referred to as:
a. negative punishment b. positive punishment c. negative reinforcement d. extinction
“Behavior that is aroused by the mere presence of another member of the same species” best defines
a. local enhancement. b. social facilitation. c. true imitation. d. goal emulation.
Psychopathology has been dominated by the somatogenic hypothesis because of
a) the dominance of nonmedical professionals in the area. b) the discovery of the link between general paresis and syphilis. c) the general lack of other theories. d) the identification of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia.