The nurse is teaching a group of high school students about risk factors for the development of cancer. The nurse explains that alcohol is the leading etiologic factor in cancer of the oral cavity, larynx, and esophagus
The nurse goes on to explain that the risk is even higher if alcohol is combined with which substance? 1. Spicy foods
2. Soda
3. Tobacco
4. Sweet foods
3
Rationale 1: The combination of spicy foods and alcohol does not increase the risk for these cancers.
Rationale 2: The combination of soda and alcohol does not increase the risk of these cancers.
Rationale 3: When combined with tobacco use, alcohol is the leading etiologic factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, larynx, and esophagus. Alcohol may behave like a cocarcinogen or have a synergistic effect with tobacco, which is the most deadly carcinogen.
Rationale 4: The combination of sweet foods and alcohol does not increase the risk for these cancers.
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Which of the following is true regarding multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)?
A) The first organ to fail is usually the heart. B) Early nutritional support may decrease the development of MODS. C) MODS account for more than 50% of late deaths in trauma patients. D) All of the above are correct.
At the beginning and end of a 10-week exercise program the subjects have their lung vital capacity measured by the researchers. The readings are plotted on a graph and then the results are recorded
Which of the following can pose a threat to the internal validity in this study? a. Instrumentation b. Selection c. Setting d. Testing
The nurse is caring for a 60-year-old male patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The patient, who has been receiving epoprostenol (Flolan), begins to complain of malaise
Upon as-sessment, the vital signs reveal: temperature 104.2° F, pulse 112, respiration 24, and blood pres-sure 98/44 . The nurse suspects sepsis. What intervention would help confirm the nurse's suspi-cions? a. Send a urinalysis (UA). b. Obtain a white blood cell (WBC) count. c. Culture the central venous catheter tip. d. Withdraw the drug to see whether the sepsis symptoms abate.
A patient was admitted to the emergency department after sustaining a gunshot wound to the abdomen. Hemoglobin on admission was 11.4 g/dL and is currently 9.8 g/dL. A transfusion of two units of packed red blood cells has been ordered
A nurse newly employed in the ED says, "I didn't think we gave blood until the hemoglobin is 8 or lower.". How should the nurse manager respond? 1. "You are correct.". 2. "This patient is being given blood because of the possible damage in the abdomen.". 3. "When a patient is sustaining rapid loss of significant amounts of blood, the hemoglobin standard is not honored.". 4. "Because the patient is going to surgery, we must give blood prophylactically.".