If the load on a muscle is increased, eventually a load will be reached at which the velocity of shortening becomes zero. At this point, the muscle contraction is referred to as
a. concentric
b. eccentric
c. isotonic
d. isokinetic
e. isometric
E
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What two major regulatory systems in the body have the most influence on the immune system?
a. circulatory and digestive b. circulatory and endocrine systems c. digestive and endocrine systems d. nervous and endocrine systems e. nervous and digestive systems
Peeper frogs freeze during the winter. As they begin to freeze, their livers break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood, which can then be taken up into cells. This provides a benefit to the frog in that
a. plasma glucose acts as a cryoprotectant by lowering the freezing point of the extracellular fluid. b. cellular glucose acts as a cryoprotectant by lowering the freezing point of the intracellular fluid. c. cellular glucose is readily available for glycolysis once the frog thaws. d. all of these. e. none of these.
Draw a graph showing change in membrane permeability (don't worry about including the units of permeability) to sodium and potassium during the course of an action potential. For reference, superimpose a graph of the action potential.
What will be an ideal response?
When alveolar ventilation (Va) is reduced from 5 L/min to 2.5 L/min, the PaCO2 will go from 40 mm Hg to:
A. 20 mm Hg B. 60 mm Hg C. 80 mm Hg D. 100 mm Hg E. 250 mm Hg