A client brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident is suspected of having internal bleeding. Which question does the nurse ask to determine whether the client is in the early stages of hypovolemic shock?
a. "Are you more thirsty than normal?"
b. "When was the last time you urinated?"
c. "What is your normal heart rate?"
d. "Is your skin usually cool and pale?"
C
The first manifestations of hypovolemic shock result from compensatory mechanisms. Signs of shock are first evident as changes in cardiovascular function. As shock progresses, changes in skin, respiration, and kidney function progress. The other questions would not identify early stages of shock.
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