A study reviewed the medical records of nursing home residents as the source of data regarding previous use of a medication as related to current cognitive state. This is an example of which type of study?
1. Longitudinal
2. Retrospective
3. Prospective
4. Cross-sectional
2
Rationale 1: A longitudinal study follows subjects over time to determine effects of a phenomenon. There is not enough data in the question to determine if this is a longitudinal study.
Rationale 2: In a retrospective study, the dependent variable (effect) is identified in the present, and an attempt is made to determine the independent variable (cause) that occurred in the past.
Rationale 3: A prospective study identifies presence of an independent variable and follows subjects into the future to observe the dependent variable.
Rationale 4: A cross-sectional study examines subjects at a particular point in time.
Global Rationale:
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