An 80-year-old is brought to the clinic by his wife. He has a history of peripheral vascular disease and type 2 diabetes
The wife states that he has not seemed himself for the preceding few days, noting that he has been lethargic and mildly confused at times and has been incontinent of urine. She reports that his blood glucose levels have been elevated. What is the most likely explanation for the client's change in mental status?
A) Depression related to declining health
B) Dementia related to advancing age
C) Delirium related to underlying medical problem
D) Transient ischemic attacks related to vascular disease and diabetes
Ans: C
Feedback:
Any disturbance in any organ or system that affects the brain can disrupt metabolism and neurotransmission, leading to a decline in cognition and function. Infections, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and drugs are the most frequent causes of delirium. Older adults are especially susceptible to delirium disorders because the aging neurologic system is particularly vulnerable to insults caused by underlying systemic conditions. Indeed, delirium often predicts or accompanies physical illness in older adults.
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