Which of the following factors is known to directly increase the incidence of Down syndrome (DS)?
a. alcohol and drug use c. age of mother
b. vitamin deficiencies d. age of father
C
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A Incorrect. Alcohol and drug use is not a factor known to directly increase the incidence of DS.
B Incorrect. Vitamin deficiencies are not a factor known to directly increase the incidence of DS.
C Correct. The exact cause of DS is unknown, however, the incidence increases as the mother's age increases. The incidence for women over 30 years of age is 1 in 1,500, and increases in women over 40 years to 1 in 100 live births.
D Incorrect. Age of father is not a factor known to directly increase the incidence of DS.
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