How was an imperial state reconstituted during the period of the Sui and Tang dynasties in China? What role did steppe nomads play in this process?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Imperial state in China
1. Yang Jian of Sui dynasty
a. launched a strategy to reconstitute the empire by conquering the Yangtze valley
b. accomplished in about seven years
c. Buddhism for legitimation and Legalism for guidance
d. reunification by force
e. reintegration of the Yellow River and Yangtze valleys by an improved and extensive canal system
f. expansion weakened dynasty
1. policy of invading Korea strained finances
2. unsuccessful in buying the alliance of the nomad states on the northern border
2. political revolution led to rise of Tang dynasty
a. relied at first on the widespread desire for tranquility
b. Taizong
1. interventionist, reformist line
2. reforms did much to stabilize the empire
3. rationalized administration, cutting the number of posts
4. selecting by examination a new bureaucracy for the provinces
5. simplified the laws
c. Empress Wu
1. sought power by seducing the emperor's heir
2. effective regent during the next two reigns
d. managed a comparable record of continuity in the seventh and eighth centuries
1. uniform tax system
2. emperors reconquered autonomous provinces and even began to retrieve control of provincial armed forces
3. role of nomads in imperial China
a. defeats by nomads became increasingly frequent after Wu's successors
b. militarization and impoverishment
c. governors became virtually autonomous rulers of their provinces
d. quarter to a third of the empire slid outside imperial control
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