Describe the general neural framework for the control of eating in terms of feeding-facilitation and feeding-inhibition circuits.
What will be an ideal response?
No one area is the final controller of eating. Sensory and motor information from the gut is sent to the brain stem, where basic feeding reflexes are controlled. Forebrain circuits arising from the lateral hypothalamus can act via MCH and orexins to facilitate eating, and this region appears to be sensitive to the orexigenic effects of NPY. Cells in the arcuate nucleus secrete both NPY and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), which acts as an antagonist at MC4 receptors that normally function to inhibit eating. Thus, NPY and AgRP stimulate eating. A common finding is that a specific neuropeptide may exert dual actions: namely, facilitating actions in one pathway (e.g., MCH/orexin) and inhibiting activity in the other pathway (e.g., NPY/AgRP). Leptin can inhibit NPY activity and can activate cells that express CART.
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a. Cannon and Bard b. James and Lange c. Ekman d. LeDoux e. Zajonc
Which of the following is considered an example of a societal factor that contributes to homelessness in families with young children?
a. Age of the children b. Shortages in low-income and public assistance housing c. The mother's sense of optimism d. The mother's capacity to cope with stress
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a. bereavement overload b. anticipatory grief c. end-of-life trauma d. passive euthanasia
Ella, a teenager, follows her school's dress code even though she believes that the dress code is unnecessary-she feels that following the dress code is better than getting punished. In this scenario, Ella's act exemplifies ________.
A. acceptance B. compliance C. norm formation D. mass hysteria