The condition where serum sodium is below normal levels, resulting in fluid loss characterized by a proportionately greater loss of sodium than water, is:
1. Isotonic dehydration.
2. Hypotonic dehydration.
3. Hydrostatic pressure.
4. Osmotic pressure.
2
Rationale:
1. This occurs when fluid loss is not balanced by intake, and the losses of water and sodium are in proportion.
2. This occurs when fluid loss is characterized by a proportionately greater loss of sodium than water. Serum sodium is below normal levels.
3. This occurs when extracellular fluid volume excess occurs; the increased fluid volume in the vascular compartment congests the veins.
4. This occurs when much of the osmotic pressure that pulls fluid into the capillaries is due to the presence of albumin and other plasma proteins made by the liver.
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