The mechanisms of airway obstruction in COPD include which of the following? 1. Airway remodeling 2. Inflammation and obstruction of small airway 3. Loss of elasticity 4. Active bronchospasm
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 4 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 3 and 4 only
ANS: C
The mechanisms of airflow obstruction in COPD include inflammation and obstruction of small airways (<2 mm in diameter); loss of elasticity, which keeps small airways open when elastin is destroyed in emphysema; and active bronchospasm.
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