Which of the following assessment findings in an older adult client does the nurse associate with the normal aging process? Standard Text: Select all that apply
1. Increased systolic blood pressure
2. Increased muscle tone
3. Decreased cardiac output
4. Increased vital capacity
5. Decreased renal function
1,3,5
Rationale 1: Increased systolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure increases due to a decrease in the elasticity of the arteries and increased peripheral vascular resistance.
Rationale 2: Increased muscle tone. Muscle tone is decreased.
Rationale 3: Decreased cardiac output. Cardiac output is diminished due to alteration in pumping action as the heart muscle thickens.
Rationale 4: Increased vital capacity. Respiratory vital capacity is decreased as the lungs become stiffer and less efficient.
Rationale 5: Decreased renal function. Renal function decreases as blood flow to the kidneys is affected by arteriosclerotic changes and a decrease in the number of nephrons.
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